武汉唯一古山茶树花开3.8万朵

Wuhans Only Ancient Camellia Tree in Full Bloom

【资料图】

古山茶树 The Ancient Camellia Tree

楚天都市报极目新闻记者 陈希

摄影：楚天都市报极目新闻记者 李辉

通讯员 赵辉 杨蕴焓

翻译：吴智丽 王涛 韩晓龙（湖北大学）

JIMU News Reporter: Chen Xi

Photographer: Li Hui

Correspondents: Zhao Hui, Yang Yunhan

Translators: Wu Zhili, Wang Tao, Han Xiaolong(Hubei University)

满树繁花3万多朵，这是一棵约510岁山茶花怒放的生命。

With more than 30 thousand flowers blooming, the old camellia tree aged 510 shows its vitality in full bloom.

它是武汉唯一的山茶古树，属于一级保护古树，屹立黄陂木兰山，独树一帜。

This old camellia tree, which stands atop Mu Lan Mountain in Huangpi District, is the only ancient camellia tree in Wuhan, and is listed as a first-class protected ancient tree for its uniqueness.

单瓣古山茶不常见

花期长达一个半月

Unique unipetalous camellia withalong florescence

武汉木兰山半山腰景区管理处旁的木兰花苑，安居着一棵见证了500多年风云变幻的古山茶。这棵山茶树高8.5米，胸径约41厘米，一人可以环抱。 近日，记者见到这棵古山茶时，一树繁花红似火，招蜂引蝶，还有花苞正冒出，旁边有一片山茶林陪伴着它。

In the garden next to the Scenic Area Administration half way up the Mu Lan Mountain, there stands theancient camellia tree which has a history of more than 500 years. The tree is 8.5 meters high and has a diameter at breast height of about 41 centimeters, enough for it to be wrapped around by the arms of just one person. When the reporter saw this ancient camelliatree, itwas accompanied by a camellia forestand was full of red flowers. With its blossoming flowers and buds under growth, the tree attracted swams of butterflies and bees.

“它可是木兰山的镇山之宝。”木兰山风景区管理处经济发展办公室主任吴恬介绍，一般它冬季就酝酿花苞，3月初开花，花期45天左右，一直到4月中旬，今年是3月8日初开的，估计还有10来天的花期。前几年，景区安排人员数花朵，共计38000多朵。

“It is the most-treasured representative of Mu Lan Mountain”, said Wu Tian, director of the Economic Development Office of Scenic Area Administration in Mu Lan Mountain. According to the director, this ancient camellia tree usually buds in winter and blooms from early March to mid-April with a long florescence of about 45 days. This year, it bagan tobloomon March 8th, and will continuefor another 10 days . The Administration has assignedstaff to tally the number of flowers each year in recent years, and it turns out that this ancient tree has had 38 thousand flowers in the past few years.

武汉市园林科学研究院高级工程师、武汉市古树名木保护研究中心主任史红文介绍，常见的重瓣山茶花大多是人工培育的园艺品种，此古山茶是单瓣的，是相对原始的品种，是土生土长的古山茶，“从它的叶片、花色饱满、花开旺盛来看，它还很健旺呢。”

Shi Hongwen, a senior engineer of Wuhan Instituteof Landscape Architectureand the director of Wuhan Ancient and Famous Tree Protection Research Center, introduced that majority of the common double petal camelliasare artificially cultivated horticultural varietieswhile this ancient camellia is a single-petalvarietyand relatively primitive varietywithout artificial intervention. “Judging from its leaves, deepcolor, and vigorous blooms,its safe to say thatit is still in good condition”.

烟熏取暖防结冰

盛暑浇水防干渴

Special Care for the Ancient Camellia Tree

这棵山茶古树，平时需要什么特别的养护？

What special care does the ancient camellia tree need?

“山茶需要大水大肥大晒。”吴恬说，这里的土壤肥力本来就很好，无需施肥，平常也无需浇水，主要在溽暑时节，特别是久日不下雨时，每天要人工早晚各浇水一次，早上在7时以前，晚间浇水在6时以后。

“Camellia treesneed ample water, fertilizer, and sunlight,” Wu Tian said, “With fertile soil, we mainly water the camellia tree in midsummer, especially during periods of drought, twice a day before 7 AM and after 6 PM respectively”.

它所在的位置，在半山腰的峡谷之间，既饱览峡谷风光，又享受充足的阳光浴。

The tree, growing halfway up the mountain between ravines, can absorb plenty of sunlight.

“最怕冬季结冰，枝叶覆冰后，容易脆断，就像老人的血管和骨头都很脆弱一样。”吴恬言及应对之策：距其两三米的位置，用干草烟熏，提升周边气温，哪怕升一点点都行，因为0℃和1℃是有很大差别的，1℃就不会结冰；有时也给它附上一层薄膜防结冰。

“It is extremely fragile when its branches and leaves freeze in winter, just like the delicate blood vessels and bones of the elderly”. Wu Tian further explained the solutionto be: “As long as the temperature is higher than 0℃, the tree wont freeze. So, we raise its surrounding temperature with dry straw smoulder two or three meters away from it, sometimes with a layer of plastic film”.

身体健旺，病虫害自然少。史红文说，此树没啥虫害，就是原来树干上覆着一些青苔，对树木生长有一定影响，景区人员已刮除干净，同时局部腐烂处也已清创，并涂上硫酸铜溶液防腐杀菌。

Shi Hongwen saidowing to the trees healthy state,they hardly encountered any diseases and pests, except that the original trunk was partially covered with moss. The personnel in the scenic spot scraped the moss clean, and meanwhile the local rot was cleared and coated with a copper sulfate solution for antisepsis and sterilization.

山茶，多生长在长江以南，喜欢微酸性土壤。而武汉仅此一棵山茶古树，它何以能独领风骚？

Camellia treesprimarily grow in slightly acidic soil in the south of the Yangtze River. But what distinguishes the ancient camellia tree in Wuhan?

“它所处的立地条件很好，加上保护得细致。”史红文分析，它喜欢微酸性土壤，它的土层厚实，其次光照也正好满足它的需求，它是需要充足的阳光，但不能暴晒，它身处半山腰峡谷处，没有从晨曦初露一直晒到夕阳西下，再者气候条件适宜它的生长。

Shi Hongwen added, “The ancient camellia tree has thrivedfor such a long time due to the favorable location, thick soil layer, sufficient sunlight, pleasant climate and meticulous care”.

山茶古树全省14棵

最老一棵约1400岁

14 Camellia Trees in Hubei Provinceand a 1400-year-old One

木兰花苑内，有300多棵或粉或红的山茶簇拥着这棵古山茶，“这些山茶上世纪80年代就栽植了。”吴恬说。

In the Garden, the ancient camellia tree is surrounded by over 300 pink or red camellias. “These camellias were planted in the 1980s”, said Wu Tian.

吴恬介绍，为凸显古山茶的主体地位，更好地保护它，景区正在建立古山茶主题园区，所以为了木兰花苑内更好地透光透气，将100多棵山茶移栽至花苑门口，也装点了园区门口的景致，同时大门旁有一高大的“九碑石”，进一步充实文化内涵。

Wu Tian introduced that an ancient camellia theme park is being built in the scenic spot to highlight the key position oftheancient camellia tree and better protect it. At the same time, in order to ensure sufficient sunlight and fresh air in the garden, more than 100 camellia trees were transplanted at the entrance of the garden, which also further beautified thescenery. In addition, a tall stela“Jiu Beishi” next to the gate further enriches the cultural connotationsof the theme park.

史红文特别提到，根据《武汉市古树名木和古树后续资源保护条例》，在古树附近动土不能伤皮、伤干、伤根，而且动土的范围要在树冠外延五米开外的地方；同时建立这一主题园区，要进一步查实它的相关史料，发掘它的文化价值。

According to theRegulations on the Protection of Ancient and Famous Trees and Subsequent Resources of Ancient Trees in Wuhan City, Shi Hongwen specifically mentioned avoiding damage to the roots, trunk, and the bark of the treewhen moving the earth near the ancient tree,emphasizing the earth should be moved at a distance of five meters outside the crown of the tree. At the same time,further verificationof its related historical data and exploration of its cultural valueneeds to be carried out as thetheme parkis being established.

为纪念花木兰，传承“忠、孝、勇、烈”木兰精神，它又被称为“木兰树”。

To honor Mulan and carry on her spirit of “loyalty, filial piety, bravery, and manliness”, the ancient tree is also known as the “Mulan Tree”.

记者从湖北省林业局了解到，山茶古树在湖北仅14棵，树龄最大的山茶古树约1400多岁，深居在蕲春县株林镇三角山村里。

The reporter learned from the Hubei Provincial Forestry Bureau that there are only 14 ancient camellia trees in Hubei, withthe oldest one being about 1400 years old, its roots firmly establishedin Sanjiaoshan Village, Zhulin Town, Qichun County.

（来源：极目新闻）

标签：